The subjective psychological benefits of music have also been linked to chemical changes observed via hormone levels. Potential mechanisms for effect are ascribed to the modulation of sympathetic nervous system activity and levels of the stress hormone cortisol. In some clinical populations listening to music has been suggested to reduce anxiety and the subjectively negative effects of physical pain. Music has many promising neurological and physiological effects that may be indicative of its effective use in the fight against sleep loss.
Given the prevalence, cost, and potentially harmful side effects of pharmaceutical sleep aids, the search for low cost, non-pharmaceutical alternatives aid has become a priority. Pharmaceutical sleep aids have been linked to negative side effects that increase with long-term use, including nausea, dizziness, dependency and withdrawal, amnesia, seizures, and even an increase in mortality. In the United States, a survey suggested a 293% increase in the number of sleep related prescriptions from 5.3 to 20.8 million prescriptions from 1999 to 2010. Pharmacies within the UK dispensed more than 15.2 million prescriptions for sleep aids during 2010–2011 equating to around £50 million or nearly 1 in 10 adults taking some form of pharmaceutical intervention on a regular basis. Sales of pharmaceuticals have risen steadily, up 31% in the UK between 20. Īttempts to remedy poor sleep include the pervasive use of pharmaceutical sleep aids, which come with a list of negative side effects. If short term sleep loss is not remedied there is the risk that it may become chronic, a situation associated with serious health and wellbeing challenges.
Work-related and driving accident rates are also thought to increase as a result of reduced cognitive speed and efficiency. Short-term memory may be impaired and participants report lower levels of happiness and more feelings of depression. Sleep loss has been linked to a range of physical and mental health issues, with short-term effects evident after a single night of poor sleep. Around 40% of United Kingdom adults suffer from disrupted sleep, a trend mirrored in the United States with approximately 50–70 million American adults reporting sleep difficulties. However, for many people in modern society, the chain is in danger of being broken as sleep problems become ever more prevalent. Thomas Dekker said, “Sleep is that golden chain that ties health and our bodies together”.
Diversity was observed both in music choices, which reflected idiosyncratic preferences rather than any consistent musical structure, and in the reasons why music supports good sleep, which went far beyond simple physical/mental relaxation. In particular, the results highlight the varied pathways of effect between music and sleep. This survey provides new evidence into the relationship between music and sleep in a population that ranged widely in age, musicality, sleep habits and stress levels. Thematic analysis of the open text responses generated four themes that described why people believe music helps sleep: music offers unique properties that stimulate sleep (Provide), music is part of a normal sleep routine (Habit), music induces a physical or mental state conducive to sleep (State), and music blocks an internal or external stimulus that would otherwise disrupt sleep (Distract).
Regression tree modelling revealed that younger people with higher musical engagement were significantly more likely to use music to aid sleep. Linear modelling found stress, age, and music use as significant predictors of sleep quality (PSQI) scores. They reported fourteen musical genres comprising 545 artists. In total, 62% of respondents stated that they used music to help them sleep. We investigated music as a sleep aid within the general public via a mixed methods data online survey (n = 651) that scored musicality, sleep habits, and open text responses on what music helps sleep and why.
Sleep mudic drivers#
However, there is a lack of systematic data on how widely it is used, why people opt for music as a sleep aid, or what music works hence the underlying drivers to music-sleep effects remain unclear. Music can impact upon physical, psychological and emotional states, which may explain anecdotal reports of its success as an everyday sleep aid. Sleep loss is a widespread problem with serious physical and economic consequences.
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